FALANDO DE INTELECTUALISMO(S) (IV)

Dada a exiguidade de tempo no run-up para a quadra festiva e porque nao a quero transportar para o proximo ano, dou aqui por finda esta refeicao de forma diferente da que havia inicialmente planeado - com uma sucessao de pelo menos mais dois pratos principais, sobremesa, cafe', digestivo e talvez um cigarro ou um charuto.

Coloco, em vez disso, a vossa disposicao um bem mais pratico e opcional buffet composto pelos seguintes kitutes que me parecem particularmente merecedores de alguma atencao no contexto que nos trouxe a esta mesa:

Intellectualism

Intellectualism is any of a number of views regarding the use or development of the intellect or the practice of being an intellectual. In non-specialized contexts, the term "intellectualism" is often used to describe an attitude of devotion or high regard for intellectual pursuits. The term is sometimes used to name the view in philosophy that is more often called "rationalism", the view that knowledge largely or wholly is derived from reason or reasoning. The term can carry negative connotations of two kinds: (1) single-mindedness or "too much attention to thinking" and/or (2) emotional coldness or the absence of emotion.

Female Public Intellectuals

There are a number of explanations for the lack of female public intellectuals as compared to their male counterparts. These explanations address issues such as institutionalized discrimination within the academy, the problems which arise from female intellectuals who strongly advocate feminist ideology and theory and the impact of the media and academy in the conceptualization of 'woman as her body'.

Marxism and Intellectuals

(...) Marx's theory of the rise of the proletariat was to rely on the intellectuals of that historical period. (...) In this situation, as with other areas of society, it is the intellectuals, not the proletariat, who are to define the emancipation of the workers. Lenin also maintained that the ideology of socialism was beyond the comprehension of the working classes. The intellectual level which was necessary for the development of such ideologies was, he maintained, out of the reach of the average worker.

Economic Liberal and Classical Liberal Views of Intellectuals

Every intellectual believes in freedom for himself, but he’s opposed to freedom for others... He thinks... there ought to be a central planning board that will establish social priorities. (Milton Friedman)

Scientific Method

Scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.

A scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses

Bias

Bias is a term used to describe a tendency or preference towards a particular perspective, ideology or result, when the tendency interferes with the ability to be impartial, unprejudiced, or objective. In other words, bias is generally seen as a 'one-sided' perspective. The term biased refers to a person or group who is judged to exhibit bias. It is used to describe an attitude, judgment, or behavior that is influenced by a prejudice. Bias can be unconscious or conscious in awareness. Having a bias is part of a normal development. Labeling someone as biased in some regard implies they need a greater or more flexible perspective in that area, or that they need to consider more deeply the context.

Public Policy Debate

Like Sartre and Noam Chomsky, many public intellectuals hold knowledge across a vast array of subjects including: the international world order, the political and economic organisation of contemporary society, the institutional and legal frameworks that regulate the lives of ordinary citizens, the educational system, the media networks that control and disseminate information.

The role of a public intellectual may be to connect scholarly research with public policy. This process necessitates a dialogue between those in the academic sphere and the public, meant to bridge the gap which still exists between the more homogeneous world of academia and the diverse public sphere. It has been argued that social scientists who are well aware of the various thresholds crossed in passing from academic to public policy adviser are much more effective.

Ethics

Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality; that is, about concepts like good and bad, right and wrong, justice, virtue, etc.

Intellectual Rigour

An attempted short definition of intellectual rigour might be that no suspicion of double standard be allowed: uniform principles should be applied. This is a test of consistency, over cases, and to individuals or institutions (including the speaker, the speaker's country and so on). Consistency can be at odds here with a forgiving attitude, adaptability, and the need to take precedent with a pinch of salt.

Intellectual Honesty

Intellectual honesty is generally a best effort approach to solving problems in academia. This can be characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude, which can be displayed in a number of different ways:

One's personal beliefs do not interfere with the pursuit of truth;
Relevant facts and information are not purposefully omitted even when such things may contradict one's hypothesis;
Facts are presented in an unbiased manner, and not twisted to give misleading impressions or to support one view over another ;
References are acknowledged where possible, and the attribution of another's work to oneself is avoided.

Intellectual Dishonesty

Intellectual dishonesty is dishonesty in performing intellectual activities like thought or communication. Examples are:

the advocacy of a position which the advocate knows or believes to be false or misleading;
the conscious omission of aspects of the truth known or believed to be relevant in the particular context.

Pseudo-Intellectuals

The historic role of intellectuals, if you look, unfortunately, as far back as you go, has been to support power systems and to justify their atrocities. (Noam Chomsky)

Pedants

A pedant is a person who is overly concerned with formalism and precision, or who makes a show of his learning.

*****

E, para terminar, sugiro-lhes um "passeio higienico" por este case study.

Boa Digestao!

Dada a exiguidade de tempo no run-up para a quadra festiva e porque nao a quero transportar para o proximo ano, dou aqui por finda esta refeicao de forma diferente da que havia inicialmente planeado - com uma sucessao de pelo menos mais dois pratos principais, sobremesa, cafe', digestivo e talvez um cigarro ou um charuto.

Coloco, em vez disso, a vossa disposicao um bem mais pratico e opcional buffet composto pelos seguintes kitutes que me parecem particularmente merecedores de alguma atencao no contexto que nos trouxe a esta mesa:

Intellectualism

Intellectualism is any of a number of views regarding the use or development of the intellect or the practice of being an intellectual. In non-specialized contexts, the term "intellectualism" is often used to describe an attitude of devotion or high regard for intellectual pursuits. The term is sometimes used to name the view in philosophy that is more often called "rationalism", the view that knowledge largely or wholly is derived from reason or reasoning. The term can carry negative connotations of two kinds: (1) single-mindedness or "too much attention to thinking" and/or (2) emotional coldness or the absence of emotion.

Female Public Intellectuals

There are a number of explanations for the lack of female public intellectuals as compared to their male counterparts. These explanations address issues such as institutionalized discrimination within the academy, the problems which arise from female intellectuals who strongly advocate feminist ideology and theory and the impact of the media and academy in the conceptualization of 'woman as her body'.

Marxism and Intellectuals

(...) Marx's theory of the rise of the proletariat was to rely on the intellectuals of that historical period. (...) In this situation, as with other areas of society, it is the intellectuals, not the proletariat, who are to define the emancipation of the workers. Lenin also maintained that the ideology of socialism was beyond the comprehension of the working classes. The intellectual level which was necessary for the development of such ideologies was, he maintained, out of the reach of the average worker.

Economic Liberal and Classical Liberal Views of Intellectuals

Every intellectual believes in freedom for himself, but he’s opposed to freedom for others... He thinks... there ought to be a central planning board that will establish social priorities. (Milton Friedman)

Scientific Method

Scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.

A scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses

Bias

Bias is a term used to describe a tendency or preference towards a particular perspective, ideology or result, when the tendency interferes with the ability to be impartial, unprejudiced, or objective. In other words, bias is generally seen as a 'one-sided' perspective. The term biased refers to a person or group who is judged to exhibit bias. It is used to describe an attitude, judgment, or behavior that is influenced by a prejudice. Bias can be unconscious or conscious in awareness. Having a bias is part of a normal development. Labeling someone as biased in some regard implies they need a greater or more flexible perspective in that area, or that they need to consider more deeply the context.

Public Policy Debate

Like Sartre and Noam Chomsky, many public intellectuals hold knowledge across a vast array of subjects including: the international world order, the political and economic organisation of contemporary society, the institutional and legal frameworks that regulate the lives of ordinary citizens, the educational system, the media networks that control and disseminate information.

The role of a public intellectual may be to connect scholarly research with public policy. This process necessitates a dialogue between those in the academic sphere and the public, meant to bridge the gap which still exists between the more homogeneous world of academia and the diverse public sphere. It has been argued that social scientists who are well aware of the various thresholds crossed in passing from academic to public policy adviser are much more effective.

Ethics

Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality; that is, about concepts like good and bad, right and wrong, justice, virtue, etc.

Intellectual Rigour

An attempted short definition of intellectual rigour might be that no suspicion of double standard be allowed: uniform principles should be applied. This is a test of consistency, over cases, and to individuals or institutions (including the speaker, the speaker's country and so on). Consistency can be at odds here with a forgiving attitude, adaptability, and the need to take precedent with a pinch of salt.

Intellectual Honesty

Intellectual honesty is generally a best effort approach to solving problems in academia. This can be characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude, which can be displayed in a number of different ways:

One's personal beliefs do not interfere with the pursuit of truth;
Relevant facts and information are not purposefully omitted even when such things may contradict one's hypothesis;
Facts are presented in an unbiased manner, and not twisted to give misleading impressions or to support one view over another ;
References are acknowledged where possible, and the attribution of another's work to oneself is avoided.

Intellectual Dishonesty

Intellectual dishonesty is dishonesty in performing intellectual activities like thought or communication. Examples are:

the advocacy of a position which the advocate knows or believes to be false or misleading;
the conscious omission of aspects of the truth known or believed to be relevant in the particular context.

Pseudo-Intellectuals

The historic role of intellectuals, if you look, unfortunately, as far back as you go, has been to support power systems and to justify their atrocities. (Noam Chomsky)

Pedants

A pedant is a person who is overly concerned with formalism and precision, or who makes a show of his learning.

*****

E, para terminar, sugiro-lhes um "passeio higienico" por este case study.

Boa Digestao!