Contract: Portugal's Exploitative Labor Practices in Africa

The 2010 Pan African Film Festival (PAFF) in Los Angeles featured the
world premier of Contract by Cape Verdean filmmaker Guenny K. Pires.
Contract is a documentary film that tells the story of thousands of
Cape Verdean contract workers who traveled to the Portuguese colony of
Sao Tome and Principe to work in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Cape
Verdeans, and workers from Portugal's other African colonies, were
forced or coerced into contracts obligating them to work on coffee and
cacao plantations on the islands of Sao Tome and Principe. After
decades of brutally hard labor, contract workers were often forced to
stay in Sao Tome and Principe, unable to secure passage home.

Many of the Cape Verdean contract workers featured in the film still
hold on to memories of home. Filmmaker Guenny Pires blends the stories
of Cape Verdean families affected by the contract labor system with
interviews with experts to tell this little known chapter in Africa's
history. The Cape Verdeans interviewed, including Pires' own uncle,
share that after decades in Sao Tome and Principe, many have
maintained their spiritual ties to their home. After marriages,
children, and new lives established in Sao Tome and Principe, many of
the Cape Verdean contract workers shown in the film expressed a strong
desire to return home.

At the heart of Contract is the family story of the filmmaker himself.
The film documents his journey to reunite his family after his uncle
left for Sao Tome and Principe decades earlier. The emotional journey
of Guenny Pires' family was the most salient aspect of the film. Pires
re-tells his uncle's departure for Sao Tome and Principe and the
eventual loss of contact between his uncle and his family. Pires'
speaks with various relatives and narrates the impact losing his uncle
had on the family. This deeply emotional journal to reunite the family
is one of the film's strengths.


Other aspects of the film are at times disjointed and difficult to
follow. The film often jumps from personal story to historical
documentary without warning. In addition, some of the experts
interviewed for the film gave information that was culturally
inaccurate and factually unclear. Portugal's colonial policies in
Africa have been researched by several scholars, scholars who could
have provided the insight needed to put the film in proper context.*

The film will likely inspire viewers to want to learn more about
Portugal's policy of bringing workers from its other African colonies
to Sao Tome and Principe. Portugal, one of the last European countries
to leave Africa did so in 1975, with no regard for the thousands of
workers stranded in Sao Tome and Principe. The film provided a great
opportunity to clearly outline the experiences of Cape Verdeans and
other Lusophone Africans in Sao Tome and Principe, but fell a bit
short of this.

This is one of Guenny Pires' first films and his passion for the fate
and lives of the Cape Verdeans in Sao Tome and Principe is clear. The
story of Pires' family is compelling and emotional. While Contract was
premiered at PAFF, Pires says that the film is a work in progress. The
film, even with issues of clarity and continuity, is one of the only
documentaries to deal with the exploitative experiences of contract
workers in Sao Tome and Principe.

[By Msia Kibona Clark @ AllAfrica.com]

*Reference to related work by one such scholar can be found here.

The 2010 Pan African Film Festival (PAFF) in Los Angeles featured the
world premier of Contract by Cape Verdean filmmaker Guenny K. Pires.
Contract is a documentary film that tells the story of thousands of
Cape Verdean contract workers who traveled to the Portuguese colony of
Sao Tome and Principe to work in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Cape
Verdeans, and workers from Portugal's other African colonies, were
forced or coerced into contracts obligating them to work on coffee and
cacao plantations on the islands of Sao Tome and Principe. After
decades of brutally hard labor, contract workers were often forced to
stay in Sao Tome and Principe, unable to secure passage home.

Many of the Cape Verdean contract workers featured in the film still
hold on to memories of home. Filmmaker Guenny Pires blends the stories
of Cape Verdean families affected by the contract labor system with
interviews with experts to tell this little known chapter in Africa's
history. The Cape Verdeans interviewed, including Pires' own uncle,
share that after decades in Sao Tome and Principe, many have
maintained their spiritual ties to their home. After marriages,
children, and new lives established in Sao Tome and Principe, many of
the Cape Verdean contract workers shown in the film expressed a strong
desire to return home.

At the heart of Contract is the family story of the filmmaker himself.
The film documents his journey to reunite his family after his uncle
left for Sao Tome and Principe decades earlier. The emotional journey
of Guenny Pires' family was the most salient aspect of the film. Pires
re-tells his uncle's departure for Sao Tome and Principe and the
eventual loss of contact between his uncle and his family. Pires'
speaks with various relatives and narrates the impact losing his uncle
had on the family. This deeply emotional journal to reunite the family
is one of the film's strengths.


Other aspects of the film are at times disjointed and difficult to
follow. The film often jumps from personal story to historical
documentary without warning. In addition, some of the experts
interviewed for the film gave information that was culturally
inaccurate and factually unclear. Portugal's colonial policies in
Africa have been researched by several scholars, scholars who could
have provided the insight needed to put the film in proper context.*

The film will likely inspire viewers to want to learn more about
Portugal's policy of bringing workers from its other African colonies
to Sao Tome and Principe. Portugal, one of the last European countries
to leave Africa did so in 1975, with no regard for the thousands of
workers stranded in Sao Tome and Principe. The film provided a great
opportunity to clearly outline the experiences of Cape Verdeans and
other Lusophone Africans in Sao Tome and Principe, but fell a bit
short of this.

This is one of Guenny Pires' first films and his passion for the fate
and lives of the Cape Verdeans in Sao Tome and Principe is clear. The
story of Pires' family is compelling and emotional. While Contract was
premiered at PAFF, Pires says that the film is a work in progress. The
film, even with issues of clarity and continuity, is one of the only
documentaries to deal with the exploitative experiences of contract
workers in Sao Tome and Principe.

[By Msia Kibona Clark @ AllAfrica.com]

*Reference to related work by one such scholar can be found here.