The Festival of the New Black Imagination is about inspiration and ideas. It’s a space for innovative and provocative black cultural producers to share their ideas and passion. Most importantly, it is a platform that highlights those who are on the forefront of redefining and expanding notions of black authenticity for the 21st century.
The Festival of the New Black Imagination is about inspiration and ideas. It’s a space for innovative and provocative black cultural producers to share their ideas and passion. Most importantly, it is a platform that highlights those who are on the forefront of redefining and expanding notions of black authenticity for the 21st century.
The film, with choreography by Kim Brandstrup features two ballerinas, one black one white, who explore the Swan Lake roles of Odile and Odette through a baroque mirror emphasizing the interplay between reality and reflection, conscious and unconscious. With the dancers wearing classical tutus made of African textiles Shonibare's film challenges assumptions about representation by playfully blurring the boundaries between stereotypically Western ideas about 'high' art and traditional categorisations of 'African art.' [here]
We see each dancer emulating the other’s movements and expressions, although the emphasis here is on the African dancer who is enacting a careful and studied imitation of the highly valued, and European-produced, ballet art form. [here]
Shonibare's interpretation extends the theme of blackness and whiteness in his juxtaposition of the two dancers and calls into question the Western binary opposition in which negative or "dark" forces are polarized against positive, "light" ones. Odile and Odette, Shonibare's second film work to date, was commissioned by London's Royal Opera and Ballet. The artist has noted, with some irony, that his film features one ballerina drawn from the Royal Ballet (the white dancer) and an independent dancer sourced by the company because it did not have a black ballerina in its corps. [here]
[Full lenght film: 14 minutes, 28 seconds]
Speaking of the work at a recent lecture at Goldsmiths College Shonibare explained the ballerina represents “the epitome of ‘civilized sensibilities’.” Accompanying the film was a sculpture of a ballerina of ambivalent race perched atop a black cloud: “a ballerina balanced on a black mushroom cloud of war and destruction.” Irony, again, is writ large. Civilization creates beautiful things, beautiful art in particular, but at what cost? [here]
Gostaria de dedicar, com amizade, este post ‘a Marinela.
A Marinela foi minha colega no Liceue era (ainda e’?) a unica bailarina classica negra Angolana que conheco. Foi ela que, na primeira metade da decada de 90, em Lisboa, me levou 'a companhia de danca que aquimencionava, onde pratiquei o que entao se chamava “danca jazz” (ainda se chama?). As aulas que frequentei eram para amadores, mas o “warm-up”, baseado em exercicios 'tailor-made' para bailarinos classicos, era feito em conjunto com os profissionais da companhia, entre os quais a Marinela se incluia. Eramos entao, eu e ela, as unicas negras no grupo.
A companhia era dirigida por uma coreografa Franco-Argelina coadjuvada por um ex-bailarino classico Russo, que tinha tido o desaire de ter fracturado um joelho e assim ficado incapacitado de dancar profissionalmente. Ela tinha sempre um ar muito frio e distante e a unica vez que se dirigiu a mim foi para dizer, como se estivesse a dirigir-se a outra pessoa: "vejo ai muita emocao e sensualidade, mas muito pouca tecnica!" ...como se eu nao fosse, assumidamente, apenas uma amadora... Ja' ele, muito mais relaxado e divertido, estava sempre muito atento a minha “postura” (nao apenas fisica) nas aulas e explicava porque ao resto do grupo: “ela ri-se de si propria em frente ao espelho, mostrando-se consciente das suas falhas, mas depois de se rir fica muito seria e corrige a sua postura e os seus passos”…
Mas, era da Marinela que me apetecia falar… que e’ feito de ti Marinela?
We see each dancer emulating the other’s movements and expressions, although the emphasis here is on the African dancer who is enacting a careful and studied imitation of the highly valued, and European-produced, ballet art form. [here]
Shonibare's interpretation extends the theme of blackness and whiteness in his juxtaposition of the two dancers and calls into question the Western binary opposition in which negative or "dark" forces are polarized against positive, "light" ones. Odile and Odette, Shonibare's second film work to date, was commissioned by London's Royal Opera and Ballet. The artist has noted, with some irony, that his film features one ballerina drawn from the Royal Ballet (the white dancer) and an independent dancer sourced by the company because it did not have a black ballerina in its corps. [here]
[Full lenght film: 14 minutes, 28 seconds]
Speaking of the work at a recent lecture at Goldsmiths College Shonibare explained the ballerina represents “the epitome of ‘civilized sensibilities’.” Accompanying the film was a sculpture of a ballerina of ambivalent race perched atop a black cloud: “a ballerina balanced on a black mushroom cloud of war and destruction.” Irony, again, is writ large. Civilization creates beautiful things, beautiful art in particular, but at what cost? [here]
Gostaria de dedicar, com amizade, este post ‘a Marinela.
A Marinela foi minha colega no Liceue era (ainda e’?) a unica bailarina classica negra Angolana que conheco. Foi ela que, na primeira metade da decada de 90, em Lisboa, me levou 'a companhia de danca que aquimencionava, onde pratiquei o que entao se chamava “danca jazz” (ainda se chama?). As aulas que frequentei eram para amadores, mas o “warm-up”, baseado em exercicios 'tailor-made' para bailarinos classicos, era feito em conjunto com os profissionais da companhia, entre os quais a Marinela se incluia. Eramos entao, eu e ela, as unicas negras no grupo.
A companhia era dirigida por uma coreografa Franco-Argelina coadjuvada por um ex-bailarino classico Russo, que tinha tido o desaire de ter fracturado um joelho e assim ficado incapacitado de dancar profissionalmente. Ela tinha sempre um ar muito frio e distante e a unica vez que se dirigiu a mim foi para dizer, como se estivesse a dirigir-se a outra pessoa: "vejo ai muita emocao e sensualidade, mas muito pouca tecnica!" ...como se eu nao fosse, assumidamente, apenas uma amadora... Ja' ele, muito mais relaxado e divertido, estava sempre muito atento a minha “postura” (nao apenas fisica) nas aulas e explicava porque ao resto do grupo: “ela ri-se de si propria em frente ao espelho, mostrando-se consciente das suas falhas, mas depois de se rir fica muito seria e corrige a sua postura e os seus passos”…
Mas, era da Marinela que me apetecia falar… que e’ feito de ti Marinela?
Q.: What is it?
A.: Just Like Classical Ballett, A European Art Form
"Opera is the European art form par excellence, because it overcomes national and linguistic barriers through the universal language of music. Its core values and themes are central to European culture, which is part of our common identity. For this reason, the European Opera Days are celebrated on the weekend closest to 9 May, Europe Day.
Over time Opera has become an emblem of European culture. Its creation and performance are a prime focus of a nation’s cultural identity, but one which communicates internationally. An opera house belongs to its own town and region, but it is visible to the world."
"Tom Sutcliffe has a long pedigree when it comes to opera. He was hooked at the age of four. It's given him plenty of time to fathom what it is that makes this theatrical form impinge so powerfully. He argues that while it might seem grand, flamboyant, passionate and overtly emotional, when you look more closely it's the intimacy of it that counts.
The aria, and Tom believes these are at its core, is a confessional form. It might be launched into a huge auditorium with gut-busting zeal and massive vocal projection, but what it does is to open the character's emotions up to the audience by way of the music. The music, the singing, is everything, and it's why the aria, which Tom believes is opera's version of the cinematic close-up, is so important.
There are plenty of other elements that contribute. Relevance in setting and substance can be too slavishly observed but they matter as well. Laced with his recollections of the good and the bad in his many years as a critic, Tom makes the case for opera by going beyond the usual cliche's and enthusiasms for grandeur and beauty."
Q.: Is it "for the masses" and 'all that important'?
A.: Well... Just read this:
How I fell out of love with opera
"I've been writing about opera for about a decade now, and over the years, as I've watched one companion after another's eyes glaze over, or close gently, during a show, I have begun to wonder: what if I'm wrong about this? What if it actually is all rubbish, self-indulgent, glittery, adolescent, incontinent, with a vastly inflated view of its own importance? Can opera ever be more than a diversion for people with too much money and too little taste? And was it ever intended to be, anyway? You hardly need me to tell you that opera is pretty stupid. Ask the audience: plenty of them will tell you the same – if you can get them to wake up. Is there any other form of entertainment so frequented by people who do not like it? This notion – that opera is not actually all that much fun – is hardly new; that's why it comes all dollied up in red velvet, snobbery, fancy dress and vats of alcohol – sops to the considerable sections of the audience who are there for reasons not associated with aesthetic pleasure: the socially ambitious, the conspicuous spenders, those trying to beguile clients or spouses or potential mistresses.
The opera festival is the ne plus ultra of this: an affair where the supposed main event is actually a sideshow to a rigmarole of Issey Miyake shawls, mud-caked mules, champagne and salmon on the lawn. Opera's apologists and the publicity departments of state-funded houses will tell you that it isn't really like that at all, that opera is an art form for the people, that there is no class or age barrier, that indeed the audience are almost entirely first-timers, all under 30, as diverse as the day is long. Five minutes' research will tell you the facts: 6% of the adult population has been to an operatic event of some sort. As a reward for this, 11% of the arts council's entire funding is awarded to opera – and more than 90% of that goes to the national companies, who between them put on fewer than half of the opera performances in the country.
[…]
You will sometimes hear people say opera was intended as an entertainment for the masses, and it is true that at certain periods in 19th-century Italy it seems to have been immensely popular with all classes (or at least all classes that were worth mentioning, which may not be exactly the same thing). Your Italian bourgeois was presumably no more keen than any other nation's on hanging out with the unwashed. In any event, opera was about the closest thing the country had then to a mass media, a phenomenon put to good use by Giuseppe Verdi, who used his operas as a means of promoting the cause of Italian unity.
Nonetheless, this was an aberration. Opera was created in the late 16th century as entertainment for the rich, and for most of its history has remained just that. Whenever it has threatened to become too popular, its plutocratic patrons have done everything in their power to stop it: in 1733, the Prince of Wales set up his own company, tellingly named Opera of the Nobility, to rival Handel's company when that was thought to be getting a bit common; and you don't have to think nearly that far back to remember outbreaks of horror at Covent Garden over relaxations in codes of dress and deportment, and regular contumely is still thrown at directors who threaten to do anything interesting with their shows, or open them up in any way to people not already profoundly versed in the arcana of opera. […]
Operatic beginnings owed everything to ancient Greece and young men prancing about with enormous flapping leather phalluses. These Dionysiac roots soon gave way to something altogether more puritanical, so that by the 19th century, far from being a celebration of the anarchic power of sex, opera was mostly concerned with killing off women in big dresses who transgressed against the terrifically hypocritical, misogynistic mores of the time."
Q.: What is it?
A.: Just Like Classical Ballett, A European Art Form
"Opera is the European art form par excellence, because it overcomes national and linguistic barriers through the universal language of music. Its core values and themes are central to European culture, which is part of our common identity. For this reason, the European Opera Days are celebrated on the weekend closest to 9 May, Europe Day.
Over time Opera has become an emblem of European culture. Its creation and performance are a prime focus of a nation’s cultural identity, but one which communicates internationally. An opera house belongs to its own town and region, but it is visible to the world."
"Tom Sutcliffe has a long pedigree when it comes to opera. He was hooked at the age of four. It's given him plenty of time to fathom what it is that makes this theatrical form impinge so powerfully. He argues that while it might seem grand, flamboyant, passionate and overtly emotional, when you look more closely it's the intimacy of it that counts.
The aria, and Tom believes these are at its core, is a confessional form. It might be launched into a huge auditorium with gut-busting zeal and massive vocal projection, but what it does is to open the character's emotions up to the audience by way of the music. The music, the singing, is everything, and it's why the aria, which Tom believes is opera's version of the cinematic close-up, is so important.
There are plenty of other elements that contribute. Relevance in setting and substance can be too slavishly observed but they matter as well. Laced with his recollections of the good and the bad in his many years as a critic, Tom makes the case for opera by going beyond the usual cliche's and enthusiasms for grandeur and beauty."
Q.: Is it "for the masses" and 'all that important'?
A.: Well... Just read this:
How I fell out of love with opera
"I've been writing about opera for about a decade now, and over the years, as I've watched one companion after another's eyes glaze over, or close gently, during a show, I have begun to wonder: what if I'm wrong about this? What if it actually is all rubbish, self-indulgent, glittery, adolescent, incontinent, with a vastly inflated view of its own importance? Can opera ever be more than a diversion for people with too much money and too little taste? And was it ever intended to be, anyway? You hardly need me to tell you that opera is pretty stupid. Ask the audience: plenty of them will tell you the same – if you can get them to wake up. Is there any other form of entertainment so frequented by people who do not like it? This notion – that opera is not actually all that much fun – is hardly new; that's why it comes all dollied up in red velvet, snobbery, fancy dress and vats of alcohol – sops to the considerable sections of the audience who are there for reasons not associated with aesthetic pleasure: the socially ambitious, the conspicuous spenders, those trying to beguile clients or spouses or potential mistresses.
The opera festival is the ne plus ultra of this: an affair where the supposed main event is actually a sideshow to a rigmarole of Issey Miyake shawls, mud-caked mules, champagne and salmon on the lawn. Opera's apologists and the publicity departments of state-funded houses will tell you that it isn't really like that at all, that opera is an art form for the people, that there is no class or age barrier, that indeed the audience are almost entirely first-timers, all under 30, as diverse as the day is long. Five minutes' research will tell you the facts: 6% of the adult population has been to an operatic event of some sort. As a reward for this, 11% of the arts council's entire funding is awarded to opera – and more than 90% of that goes to the national companies, who between them put on fewer than half of the opera performances in the country.
[…]
You will sometimes hear people say opera was intended as an entertainment for the masses, and it is true that at certain periods in 19th-century Italy it seems to have been immensely popular with all classes (or at least all classes that were worth mentioning, which may not be exactly the same thing). Your Italian bourgeois was presumably no more keen than any other nation's on hanging out with the unwashed. In any event, opera was about the closest thing the country had then to a mass media, a phenomenon put to good use by Giuseppe Verdi, who used his operas as a means of promoting the cause of Italian unity.
Nonetheless, this was an aberration. Opera was created in the late 16th century as entertainment for the rich, and for most of its history has remained just that. Whenever it has threatened to become too popular, its plutocratic patrons have done everything in their power to stop it: in 1733, the Prince of Wales set up his own company, tellingly named Opera of the Nobility, to rival Handel's company when that was thought to be getting a bit common; and you don't have to think nearly that far back to remember outbreaks of horror at Covent Garden over relaxations in codes of dress and deportment, and regular contumely is still thrown at directors who threaten to do anything interesting with their shows, or open them up in any way to people not already profoundly versed in the arcana of opera. […]
Operatic beginnings owed everything to ancient Greece and young men prancing about with enormous flapping leather phalluses. These Dionysiac roots soon gave way to something altogether more puritanical, so that by the 19th century, far from being a celebration of the anarchic power of sex, opera was mostly concerned with killing off women in big dresses who transgressed against the terrifically hypocritical, misogynistic mores of the time."
OTHER VIEWS: ART HISTORY IN (SOUTH) AFRICA AND THE GLOBAL SOUTH
SAVAH, the South African Visual Arts Historians, in association with the International Committee of the History of Art (CIHA), addresses in this colloquium concerns about the unequal distribution of resources around the globe and challenges from postcolonial societies to the older methods and concepts of Western art history. These challenges have relevance in South Africa, Africa and the Global South, which in this context is a cultural construct rather than a geographic term. It refers to communities and artistic production, throughout history and across nations, which, within the dominant narratives of Western art, have been ignored, marginalised, displaced and appropriated. The aim is to shift the centre of discourse and challenge received systems of thought, which are still largely positioned within Western-centred logic. The desired outcome is to complicate the history of art and the relationship between histories in the Global South and the ‘North’ or ‘West’.
The programme includes, among others, the following themes:
How might the history of art in an African context challenge the Western art canon? If so, in what way(s) is art in an African context constituted as both regional and contemporary? What is its relation to global art practice at large?
Reality Exploited: Neo-colonial Problems in Contemporary Art
Who Is Entitled to Tell the Black Artist’s Story?
‘Regardless, the Struggle Continues’: Black Consciousness is a Culture of Resistance
Blackness as a Model: Towards a New Art History
Categories of the ‘Other’
White South African Discourse and the Invention of the Modern African Primitive
Art As an Act of Decolonisation: Perspectives From and On the Global South
‘Art Africanism’, ‘Ethnic Marketing’ and ’Artistic Fakes’ in the Contemporary Arts of Africa and the Diaspora
Africa, Africanness, and Their Representation in the Contemporary Mega Exhibition
Modernist Primitivism and Indigenous Modernisms: Transnational Discourse and Local Art Histories
Memory, Creativity and First Voice: Heritage Domains and Subaltern Discourse
Conflicts in the Making of Global Contemporary Art
Functionality and Social Modernism in the Work of Untrained South African Artists
Modernist Primitivism and Modern Art in Early Post-Independence Senegal
South African Beadwork – Craft, Art, Recycling, Bricolage? Reflections on the Problem of the Conceptual Appropriation of the Art of the Global South
Renegotiating Race and Nationality: Commercial and Press-Photography in Post-Independent Mozambique, 1975-1986
Millennium Base and New Ways of Expressing in the Modern Bantu Art
The Oppression of Blacks in South Africa is to Blame for the Inequalities that Face the Art Discourses Today
Fact and Fantasy – a Life beyond the Fact: Women’s Occupational Dress and the Influence of Identity
International Esteem through Local Significance
A New Generation of Utopia: Young Artists’ Careers in the Context of the Trienal de Luanda
Contesting Imperial Narratives and Display of African Art: A Counter History from Nigeria
SAVAH, the South African Visual Arts Historians, in association with the International Committee of the History of Art (CIHA), addresses in this colloquium concerns about the unequal distribution of resources around the globe and challenges from postcolonial societies to the older methods and concepts of Western art history. These challenges have relevance in South Africa, Africa and the Global South, which in this context is a cultural construct rather than a geographic term. It refers to communities and artistic production, throughout history and across nations, which, within the dominant narratives of Western art, have been ignored, marginalised, displaced and appropriated. The aim is to shift the centre of discourse and challenge received systems of thought, which are still largely positioned within Western-centred logic. The desired outcome is to complicate the history of art and the relationship between histories in the Global South and the ‘North’ or ‘West’.
The programme includes, among others, the following themes:
How might the history of art in an African context challenge the Western art canon? If so, in what way(s) is art in an African context constituted as both regional and contemporary? What is its relation to global art practice at large?
Reality Exploited: Neo-colonial Problems in Contemporary Art
Who Is Entitled to Tell the Black Artist’s Story?
‘Regardless, the Struggle Continues’: Black Consciousness is a Culture of Resistance
Blackness as a Model: Towards a New Art History
Categories of the ‘Other’
White South African Discourse and the Invention of the Modern African Primitive
Art As an Act of Decolonisation: Perspectives From and On the Global South
‘Art Africanism’, ‘Ethnic Marketing’ and ’Artistic Fakes’ in the Contemporary Arts of Africa and the Diaspora
Africa, Africanness, and Their Representation in the Contemporary Mega Exhibition
Modernist Primitivism and Indigenous Modernisms: Transnational Discourse and Local Art Histories
Memory, Creativity and First Voice: Heritage Domains and Subaltern Discourse
Conflicts in the Making of Global Contemporary Art
Functionality and Social Modernism in the Work of Untrained South African Artists
Modernist Primitivism and Modern Art in Early Post-Independence Senegal
South African Beadwork – Craft, Art, Recycling, Bricolage? Reflections on the Problem of the Conceptual Appropriation of the Art of the Global South
Renegotiating Race and Nationality: Commercial and Press-Photography in Post-Independent Mozambique, 1975-1986
Millennium Base and New Ways of Expressing in the Modern Bantu Art
The Oppression of Blacks in South Africa is to Blame for the Inequalities that Face the Art Discourses Today
Fact and Fantasy – a Life beyond the Fact: Women’s Occupational Dress and the Influence of Identity
International Esteem through Local Significance
A New Generation of Utopia: Young Artists’ Careers in the Context of the Trienal de Luanda
Contesting Imperial Narratives and Display of African Art: A Counter History from Nigeria
It is one thing to honour de Beauvoir for her brave and pioneering work in 1949. It is quite another to exalt her as a model thinker and source of inspiration now, fifty years later, when so much has happened in the world and in the field of feminist thought, including the rich influx of non-Western feminist thinking.
In a recent interview, Toril Moi, a distinguished figure in the contemporary re-launching of Simone de Beauvoir, confirms that there are two major ideas in de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex. One idea is that “one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.’ The other is that “in all known societies, woman has always been looked upon as the other” (Wenche Larsen 2000: 82). This paper sets out to question and investigate the second statement. Is it really so that in all known societies woman is and has always been looked upon as the other, the second sex? Looked upon – by whom? Does it have to be so forever? That “woman = the second sex” is a firmly grounded idea in the Western world is not up for discussion. But what about other parts of the world? What about Africa?
The point of the discussion is not empirical.[*] The point is not to show whether places do exist where this a priori othering of women does not occur. The point is to open the mind to different ways of thinking about gender, and for different ways of analyzing gender relations. Freeing ourselves from old mindsets will allow us to envision new kinds of gender relations as we look toward the future – both the future of Africa and the future of ourselves as Western (men and) women.
Post-Enlightenment (i.e. modern) thinkers have described women’s position in all ages and in all places according to their own androcentric models, models which subordinate women. In this way, concepts rooted in the time and space of the thinker him/herself have been universalized. At the moment, both in Western feminist thought and in Western feminist politics, the idea that women are the second sex and that they are universally subordinated is very strong indeed.
The argument in this paper is not that subordination of women does not take place. Of course it does, and increasingly so, and clearly, subordination and oppression of women should be fought against. The argument concerns lines of thinking and analysis: how and from which vantage points, in what kinds of theoretical/conceptual contexts, are women’s lives conceived and conceptualized? And what consequences do they have for strategy and politics?
[...]
The Female Body a Handicap
However much de Beauvoir is quoted for her opening sentence to book 2 of The Second Sex: “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman,” her work is in contradiction with itself on exactly this issue. On one hand she believes – and shows – how the conditions of women are socially determined. When women are squeezed, torn, and suffering, it is not because of menstruation and menopause, but because of the ways that society deals with womanhood. This is her official and conscious position:
I am convinced that the greater part of the discomforts and maladies that overburden women are due to psychic causes, as gynaecologists, indeed, have told me. Women are constantly harassed to the limit of their strength because of the moral tension I have referred to, because of all the tasks they assume, because of the contradictions among which they struggle. This does not mean that their ills are imaginary: they are as real and destructive as the situation to which they give expression. But the situation does not depend on the body; the reverse is true.” (SdB 1949/1997: 706)
On the other hand there is her whole attitude to and description of the female body. Its capacity for pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation is never seen as a positive potential, as a source of pleasure or pride, but only and always as a curse, a drag, and a burden. Toril Moi (whose reading of The Second Sex at this point corresponds to my own) gives a poignant summary:
For Beauvoir women are the slaves of the species. Every biological process in the female body is a ‘crisis’ or a ‘trial’, and the result is always alienation. Her list of troubles and pains experienced during menstruation is impressive, to say the least, ranging from high blood pressure, impaired hearing and eyesight to unpleasant smells, destabilization of the central nervous system, abdominal pains, constipation and diarrhoea (Second Sex 61). But the discomfort of menstruation pales in comparison to the horrors of gestation. [...] Pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding all undermine the women’s health and even put her life at risk: “Childbirth itself is painful and dangerous [...] Nursing is also an exhausting obligation [servitude]; [...] the nursing mother feeds the newborn at the expense of her own strength” (Second Sex 62-63). (Moi 1994: 165)
The fact of the female enslavement to the species is a recurrent theme, especially of the first part of The Second Sex. The human male is free to create and transcend, whereas the female feels her enslavement more and more keenly, the conflict between her own interest and the reproductive forces is heightened. Parturition in cows and mares is much more painful and dangerous than it is in mice and rabbits [...] The woman is adapted to the needs of the egg rather than to her own requirements. From puberty to menopause woman is the theatre of a play that unfolds within her and in which she is not personally concerned. (SdB 1949/1997: 57, 60)
The idea conveyed here is “woman against her body”; from these descriptions it is abundantly clear that for women and their urge for transcendence the female body is a handicap. Obviously de Beauvoir cannot subscribe to Freud’s idea that “anatomy is destiny.” Thus she tries to convince herself that women’s situation does not depend on the body, and that the reverse is true — as indicated in the quote above. There is a shadow of doubt, however, as in the same context she confesses that “it is difficult to determine to what extent woman’s physical constitution handicaps her” (SdB 1949/1997: 706).
In my reading, de Beauvoir is insincere at this point. In her entire analysis, the female body remains a handicap which can only be overcome by minimizing it, which (fortunately) is increasingly possible thanks to (a) industrial development and suitable wage work opportunities for women, supplemented with child care facilities, and (b) contraceptives and other types of reproductive technology. If the contemporary possibilities of in vitro fertilization had been available, or even imaginable, in her time, I am sure that de Beauvoir would have embraced them as further steps on the road to female freedom. It is all contained within the logic of the female body as a handicap.
Regarding this model of female emancipation, socialism and liberalism by and large agree, as do large parts of the women’s movement that the notion that the female body is a handicap as persistent and pervasive as the idea of woman as the other. This idea is based of course on the assumption that the model body is male. But what if it isn’t? I assert, as do others with me, that it is time for feminist thought to overcome the phallocentric as well as the ethnocentric biases in this line of thinking.
"Porque que Todo o Mundo?"..., onde se pode ler: Ou, apenas, por "nao terem nascido mulheres", estarem agora, na terceira idade do 'segundo sexo', a tentar "fazer-se mulheres"?
(...) Onde andavam certas mulheres, quando... ou quando me lancei por minha conta e risco em busca do entendimento possivel das almas de Sylvia Plath, Virginia Woolf, Marguerite Yourcenar, Elsa Triolet ou Simone de Beauvoir… Ou ainda, quando, depois de todos os desencantos, descobri Noemia de Sousa, Maya Angelou, Julianne Malveaux, Alice Walker, Toni Morrison, Bessie Head ou Wangari Mathaai? (...)
It is one thing to honour de Beauvoir for her brave and pioneering work in 1949. It is quite another to exalt her as a model thinker and source of inspiration now, fifty years later, when so much has happened in the world and in the field of feminist thought, including the rich influx of non-Western feminist thinking.
In a recent interview, Toril Moi, a distinguished figure in the contemporary re-launching of Simone de Beauvoir, confirms that there are two major ideas in de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex. One idea is that “one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.’ The other is that “in all known societies, woman has always been looked upon as the other” (Wenche Larsen 2000: 82). This paper sets out to question and investigate the second statement. Is it really so that in all known societies woman is and has always been looked upon as the other, the second sex? Looked upon – by whom? Does it have to be so forever? That “woman = the second sex” is a firmly grounded idea in the Western world is not up for discussion. But what about other parts of the world? What about Africa?
The point of the discussion is not empirical.[*] The point is not to show whether places do exist where this a priori othering of women does not occur. The point is to open the mind to different ways of thinking about gender, and for different ways of analyzing gender relations. Freeing ourselves from old mindsets will allow us to envision new kinds of gender relations as we look toward the future – both the future of Africa and the future of ourselves as Western (men and) women.
Post-Enlightenment (i.e. modern) thinkers have described women’s position in all ages and in all places according to their own androcentric models, models which subordinate women. In this way, concepts rooted in the time and space of the thinker him/herself have been universalized. At the moment, both in Western feminist thought and in Western feminist politics, the idea that women are the second sex and that they are universally subordinated is very strong indeed.
The argument in this paper is not that subordination of women does not take place. Of course it does, and increasingly so, and clearly, subordination and oppression of women should be fought against. The argument concerns lines of thinking and analysis: how and from which vantage points, in what kinds of theoretical/conceptual contexts, are women’s lives conceived and conceptualized? And what consequences do they have for strategy and politics?
[...]
The Female Body a Handicap
However much de Beauvoir is quoted for her opening sentence to book 2 of The Second Sex: “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman,” her work is in contradiction with itself on exactly this issue. On one hand she believes – and shows – how the conditions of women are socially determined. When women are squeezed, torn, and suffering, it is not because of menstruation and menopause, but because of the ways that society deals with womanhood. This is her official and conscious position:
I am convinced that the greater part of the discomforts and maladies that overburden women are due to psychic causes, as gynaecologists, indeed, have told me. Women are constantly harassed to the limit of their strength because of the moral tension I have referred to, because of all the tasks they assume, because of the contradictions among which they struggle. This does not mean that their ills are imaginary: they are as real and destructive as the situation to which they give expression. But the situation does not depend on the body; the reverse is true.” (SdB 1949/1997: 706)
On the other hand there is her whole attitude to and description of the female body. Its capacity for pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation is never seen as a positive potential, as a source of pleasure or pride, but only and always as a curse, a drag, and a burden. Toril Moi (whose reading of The Second Sex at this point corresponds to my own) gives a poignant summary:
For Beauvoir women are the slaves of the species. Every biological process in the female body is a ‘crisis’ or a ‘trial’, and the result is always alienation. Her list of troubles and pains experienced during menstruation is impressive, to say the least, ranging from high blood pressure, impaired hearing and eyesight to unpleasant smells, destabilization of the central nervous system, abdominal pains, constipation and diarrhoea (Second Sex 61). But the discomfort of menstruation pales in comparison to the horrors of gestation. [...] Pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding all undermine the women’s health and even put her life at risk: “Childbirth itself is painful and dangerous [...] Nursing is also an exhausting obligation [servitude]; [...] the nursing mother feeds the newborn at the expense of her own strength” (Second Sex 62-63). (Moi 1994: 165)
The fact of the female enslavement to the species is a recurrent theme, especially of the first part of The Second Sex. The human male is free to create and transcend, whereas the female feels her enslavement more and more keenly, the conflict between her own interest and the reproductive forces is heightened. Parturition in cows and mares is much more painful and dangerous than it is in mice and rabbits [...] The woman is adapted to the needs of the egg rather than to her own requirements. From puberty to menopause woman is the theatre of a play that unfolds within her and in which she is not personally concerned. (SdB 1949/1997: 57, 60)
The idea conveyed here is “woman against her body”; from these descriptions it is abundantly clear that for women and their urge for transcendence the female body is a handicap. Obviously de Beauvoir cannot subscribe to Freud’s idea that “anatomy is destiny.” Thus she tries to convince herself that women’s situation does not depend on the body, and that the reverse is true — as indicated in the quote above. There is a shadow of doubt, however, as in the same context she confesses that “it is difficult to determine to what extent woman’s physical constitution handicaps her” (SdB 1949/1997: 706).
In my reading, de Beauvoir is insincere at this point. In her entire analysis, the female body remains a handicap which can only be overcome by minimizing it, which (fortunately) is increasingly possible thanks to (a) industrial development and suitable wage work opportunities for women, supplemented with child care facilities, and (b) contraceptives and other types of reproductive technology. If the contemporary possibilities of in vitro fertilization had been available, or even imaginable, in her time, I am sure that de Beauvoir would have embraced them as further steps on the road to female freedom. It is all contained within the logic of the female body as a handicap.
Regarding this model of female emancipation, socialism and liberalism by and large agree, as do large parts of the women’s movement that the notion that the female body is a handicap as persistent and pervasive as the idea of woman as the other. This idea is based of course on the assumption that the model body is male. But what if it isn’t? I assert, as do others with me, that it is time for feminist thought to overcome the phallocentric as well as the ethnocentric biases in this line of thinking.
"Porque que Todo o Mundo?"..., onde se pode ler: Ou, apenas, por "nao terem nascido mulheres", estarem agora, na terceira idade do 'segundo sexo', a tentar "fazer-se mulheres"?
(...) Onde andavam certas mulheres, quando... ou quando me lancei por minha conta e risco em busca do entendimento possivel das almas de Sylvia Plath, Virginia Woolf, Marguerite Yourcenar, Elsa Triolet ou Simone de Beauvoir… Ou ainda, quando, depois de todos os desencantos, descobri Noemia de Sousa, Maya Angelou, Julianne Malveaux, Alice Walker, Toni Morrison, Bessie Head ou Wangari Mathaai? (...)
Quando camaradas solteiras ficam gravidas, consideramos isso um escandalo. O verdadeiro escandalo e’ o nao termos sabido educar essas camaradas, nao lhes ter feito assumir o verdadeiro sentido do amor e como a propria relacao sexual se integra dentro do amor e dentro da vida.
Samora Machel
Decidi dedicar um post separado a essa (infeliz) tirada de Samora Machel, incluida no catalogo desta exposicao de Naguib, por um lado, porque ela destaca-se por si propria das outras, geralmente bem mais pacificas e ponderadas, citacoes nela pintadas e, por outro lado, porque se relaciona e enquadra em algumas das discussoes que, sobretudo nos ultimos tempos (e.g. aqui), a este blog me tenho visto forcada a trazer.
Porque infeliz? Porque, de facto, nao me lembro de alguma vez ter lido algo que retrate de forma tao flagrante algumas das contradicoes e perversoes de um certo discurso dito “socialista revolucionario de esquerda”… Dir-se-ia que Samora estava a falar de uma sociedade algures numa ilha paradisiaca, totalmente “abencoada por Deus”, onde o “casamento” e’ uma instituicao culturalmente endogena e dominante, onde nao se contempla a possibilidade de gravidezes involuntarias e onde os "camaradas homens" (solteiros ou casados) sao todos uns “principes perfeitos” ou “santos”!...
Mas a realidade, e ela nao e’ exclusiva da sociedade mocambicana, e’ que a instituicao “casamento” (e da citacao pode inferir-se que Samora se estaria a referir ao casamento oficial, monogamico e, possivelmente, ate’ mesmo religioso) e’ culturalmente exogena a maior parte das, senao a todas as, sociedades africanas: ele foi “trazido” pela colonizacao e manteve-se quase totalmente confinado aos segmentos populacionais (minoritarios) assimilados as culturas e religioes europeias.
Juntamente com o casamento (oficial e/ou religioso) monogamico, os europeus levaram tambem o patriarcado, com o homem como 'chefe de familia', como estrutura familiar dominante, e embora este nao fosse exogeno as sociedades africanas, nunca foi dominante em todas elas. De facto, o matriarcado e as linhagens matrilineares eram e, em grande medida, continuam a ser, dominantes em varias sociedades africanas, onde as mulheres, em particular no que toca a sua sexualidade e direitos reprodutivos, teem um estatuto completamente distinto daquele que lhes e' reservado nas sociedades patriarcais e patrilineares.[*]
Como, entao, compreender-se que um tal discurso tenha sido proferido por um lider revolucionario africano, num pais em "transformacao revolucionaria" para a "criacao do homem novo", em "combate contra a alienacao, aculturacao e obscurantismo promovidos pela religiao", em “recuperacao das suas raizes culturais” e em "resgate dos seus principios e valores morais" (e aqui ressalvo o facto de a citacao nao estar datada, tal como nao o estao as outras citacoes constantes do catalogo, pelo que nao sei se a tera’ proferido ja’ no pos-independencia, ou se ainda durante a guerrilha anti-colonial)? Pessoalmente, so’ o posso entender como uma perversao da ideologia socialista (comunista?) revolucionaria dita de esquerda… [**]
Josina Machel por Malangatana
De facto, em minha opiniao, apenas uma tal perversao pode explicar que a mesma ideologia que via o casamento como uma instituicao "burguesa", que professa(va?) a “emancipacao da mulher”, que a aceitava como “companheira de luta”, incluindo de armas na mao, qualquer que fosse a sua idade (!) - veja-se aquia biografia da primeira esposa de Samora, Josina Machel, retratada acima por Malangatana e na foto abaixo, a direita - que a incentiva(va?) a tomar as redeas do seu proprio corpo e do seu proprio destino, a tomar as suas proprias decisoes de vida e a assumir a responsabilidade e as consequencias dos seus proprios actos, nao contemple a possibilidade de que essa mesma mulher possa ser “mae solteira” por decisao propria; ou que se tenha encontrado nessa condicao em resultado de uma desilusao amorosa posterior ao seu engravidamento; ou que possa ter engravidado em resultado de uma violacao… Em qualquer dos casos, a assumpcao plena de uma gravidez e’ (deve ser) sempre uma responsabilidade partilhada – e esta nao e’ estritamente uma questao do foro ideologico (e nem sequer do “politicamente correcto”) ou religioso: e’ uma questao dos foros humanistico e etico-moral!
Josina Machel (a direita)
No entanto, em nenhum momento Samora se refere ao "camarada homem" (casado ou solteiro) que engravidou a “camarada solteira”… E o que afirma e’ duplamente perverso: por um lado, assume o preconceito, a culpabilizacao exclusiva e a estigmatizacao social da “mae solteira” como um dado adquirido (“consideramos isso um escandalo”); por outro lado, sugere que o “assumir o verdadeiro sentido do amor e como a propria relacao sexual se integra dentro do amor e dentro da vida”[***] e’ um dado adquirido no que ao "camarada homem" diz respeito e que apenas a "camarada mulher" (... qual Eva-serpente-jezebel(a) “corruptora” de Adao no paraiso ...) precisa de “ser educada” naquele sentido… para “nao provocar escandalo”!
Mas, talvez mais perturbador do que tudo isso e' a implicacao de que aquela "camarada solteira" nao possa ter entre os seus valores, desde muito cedo na vida, o principio de que a sua auto-estima, dignificacao e valorizacao como MULHER e como SER HUMANO nao estao, nunca estiveram, nem podem estar, em nenhuma circunstancia, exclusivamente dependentes de uma alianca no seu anelar; que a sua postura perante a VIDA nao e', nao pode ser, definida e interpretada exclusivamente pela sua sexualidade - certamente nao por 'definicoes' e 'interpretacoes' dessa sexualidade confabuladas e maliciosa e torpemente forjadas pela vil devassa de terceiros e, sobretudo, terceiras, frustrado/as e recalcados em relacao a sua propria sexualidade e a sua propria vida; ou que uma gravidez fora do casamento, ou que nao resulte em casamento, nao possa ter sido resultado de um acto de Amor... [****] entre "ambos os camaradas", homem e mulher, envolvidos!
Enfim… simplesmente (dupla... triplamente) triste e lamentavel!
(Contudo, Paz a Sua Alma)
*[A legalizacao em 2005, em Mocambique, da (existente) poligamia, bem como a eliminacao do estatuto de facto do homem como 'chefe de familia', como aquise pode constatar, e' disso apenas a (tardia?) confirmacao oficial...]
**[Infelizmente, Samora nao estava sozinho nesse tipo de postura: era, pelo menos em parte, a ela que me referia aqui, quando falava em determinados grupos de "um radicalismo (embora raramente assumido abertamente) dito “de esquerda” em termos politico-ideologicos e de ideais economicos, associado a um conservadorismo marcadamente “de direita” em termos socio-culturais"; e' tambem ela que se esconde, com o rabo de fora, por detras de certos discursos ditos "feministas de esquerda" disseminados por certas hipocritas 'donas' puritanas recalcadas, frustradas, deprimidas, depressivas e deprimentes, rejeitadas e cheias de ressaibos, inveja e ciumes, que nao nasceram mulheres, aparentemente afectas aos mesmos grupos acabados de referir, como a(s) de que aquise fala...]
***[Para mim o significado de “assumir o verdadeiro sentido do amor e como a propria relacao sexual se integra dentro do amor e dentro da vida” pode ser encontrado, por exemplo, aqui]
****[Note-se como, curiosamente, em Ingles, uma crianca nascida fora do casamento e' designada "Love Child", i.e. "Filho/a do Amor"]
Quando camaradas solteiras ficam gravidas, consideramos isso um escandalo. O verdadeiro escandalo e’ o nao termos sabido educar essas camaradas, nao lhes ter feito assumir o verdadeiro sentido do amor e como a propria relacao sexual se integra dentro do amor e dentro da vida.
Samora Machel
Decidi dedicar um post separado a essa (infeliz) tirada de Samora Machel, incluida no catalogo desta exposicao de Naguib, por um lado, porque ela destaca-se por si propria das outras, geralmente bem mais pacificas e ponderadas, citacoes nela pintadas e, por outro lado, porque se relaciona e enquadra em algumas das discussoes que, sobretudo nos ultimos tempos (e.g. aqui), a este blog me tenho visto forcada a trazer.
Porque infeliz? Porque, de facto, nao me lembro de alguma vez ter lido algo que retrate de forma tao flagrante algumas das contradicoes e perversoes de um certo discurso dito “socialista revolucionario de esquerda”… Dir-se-ia que Samora estava a falar de uma sociedade algures numa ilha paradisiaca, totalmente “abencoada por Deus”, onde o “casamento” e’ uma instituicao culturalmente endogena e dominante, onde nao se contempla a possibilidade de gravidezes involuntarias e onde os "camaradas homens" (solteiros ou casados) sao todos uns “principes perfeitos” ou “santos”!...
Mas a realidade, e ela nao e’ exclusiva da sociedade mocambicana, e’ que a instituicao “casamento” (e da citacao pode inferir-se que Samora se estaria a referir ao casamento oficial, monogamico e, possivelmente, ate’ mesmo religioso) e’ culturalmente exogena a maior parte das, senao a todas as, sociedades africanas: ele foi “trazido” pela colonizacao e manteve-se quase totalmente confinado aos segmentos populacionais (minoritarios) assimilados as culturas e religioes europeias.
Juntamente com o casamento (oficial e/ou religioso) monogamico, os europeus levaram tambem o patriarcado, com o homem como 'chefe de familia', como estrutura familiar dominante, e embora este nao fosse exogeno as sociedades africanas, nunca foi dominante em todas elas. De facto, o matriarcado e as linhagens matrilineares eram e, em grande medida, continuam a ser, dominantes em varias sociedades africanas, onde as mulheres, em particular no que toca a sua sexualidade e direitos reprodutivos, teem um estatuto completamente distinto daquele que lhes e' reservado nas sociedades patriarcais e patrilineares.[*]
Como, entao, compreender-se que um tal discurso tenha sido proferido por um lider revolucionario africano, num pais em "transformacao revolucionaria" para a "criacao do homem novo", em "combate contra a alienacao, aculturacao e obscurantismo promovidos pela religiao", em “recuperacao das suas raizes culturais” e em "resgate dos seus principios e valores morais" (e aqui ressalvo o facto de a citacao nao estar datada, tal como nao o estao as outras citacoes constantes do catalogo, pelo que nao sei se a tera’ proferido ja’ no pos-independencia, ou se ainda durante a guerrilha anti-colonial)? Pessoalmente, so’ o posso entender como uma perversao da ideologia socialista (comunista?) revolucionaria dita de esquerda… [**]
Josina Machel por Malangatana
De facto, em minha opiniao, apenas uma tal perversao pode explicar que a mesma ideologia que via o casamento como uma instituicao "burguesa", que professa(va?) a “emancipacao da mulher”, que a aceitava como “companheira de luta”, incluindo de armas na mao, qualquer que fosse a sua idade (!) - veja-se aquia biografia da primeira esposa de Samora, Josina Machel, retratada acima por Malangatana e na foto abaixo, a direita - que a incentiva(va?) a tomar as redeas do seu proprio corpo e do seu proprio destino, a tomar as suas proprias decisoes de vida e a assumir a responsabilidade e as consequencias dos seus proprios actos, nao contemple a possibilidade de que essa mesma mulher possa ser “mae solteira” por decisao propria; ou que se tenha encontrado nessa condicao em resultado de uma desilusao amorosa posterior ao seu engravidamento; ou que possa ter engravidado em resultado de uma violacao… Em qualquer dos casos, a assumpcao plena de uma gravidez e’ (deve ser) sempre uma responsabilidade partilhada – e esta nao e’ estritamente uma questao do foro ideologico (e nem sequer do “politicamente correcto”) ou religioso: e’ uma questao dos foros humanistico e etico-moral!
Josina Machel (a direita)
No entanto, em nenhum momento Samora se refere ao "camarada homem" (casado ou solteiro) que engravidou a “camarada solteira”… E o que afirma e’ duplamente perverso: por um lado, assume o preconceito, a culpabilizacao exclusiva e a estigmatizacao social da “mae solteira” como um dado adquirido (“consideramos isso um escandalo”); por outro lado, sugere que o “assumir o verdadeiro sentido do amor e como a propria relacao sexual se integra dentro do amor e dentro da vida”[***] e’ um dado adquirido no que ao "camarada homem" diz respeito e que apenas a "camarada mulher" (... qual Eva-serpente-jezebel(a) “corruptora” de Adao no paraiso ...) precisa de “ser educada” naquele sentido… para “nao provocar escandalo”!
Mas, talvez mais perturbador do que tudo isso e' a implicacao de que aquela "camarada solteira" nao possa ter entre os seus valores, desde muito cedo na vida, o principio de que a sua auto-estima, dignificacao e valorizacao como MULHER e como SER HUMANO nao estao, nunca estiveram, nem podem estar, em nenhuma circunstancia, exclusivamente dependentes de uma alianca no seu anelar; que a sua postura perante a VIDA nao e', nao pode ser, definida e interpretada exclusivamente pela sua sexualidade - certamente nao por 'definicoes' e 'interpretacoes' dessa sexualidade confabuladas e maliciosa e torpemente forjadas pela vil devassa de terceiros e, sobretudo, terceiras, frustrado/as e recalcados em relacao a sua propria sexualidade e a sua propria vida; ou que uma gravidez fora do casamento, ou que nao resulte em casamento, nao possa ter sido resultado de um acto de Amor... [****] entre "ambos os camaradas", homem e mulher, envolvidos!
Enfim… simplesmente (dupla... triplamente) triste e lamentavel!
(Contudo, Paz a Sua Alma)
*[A legalizacao em 2005, em Mocambique, da (existente) poligamia, bem como a eliminacao do estatuto de facto do homem como 'chefe de familia', como aquise pode constatar, e' disso apenas a (tardia?) confirmacao oficial...]
**[Infelizmente, Samora nao estava sozinho nesse tipo de postura: era, pelo menos em parte, a ela que me referia aqui, quando falava em determinados grupos de "um radicalismo (embora raramente assumido abertamente) dito “de esquerda” em termos politico-ideologicos e de ideais economicos, associado a um conservadorismo marcadamente “de direita” em termos socio-culturais"; e' tambem ela que se esconde, com o rabo de fora, por detras de certos discursos ditos "feministas de esquerda" disseminados por certas hipocritas 'donas' puritanas recalcadas, frustradas, deprimidas, depressivas e deprimentes, rejeitadas e cheias de ressaibos, inveja e ciumes, que nao nasceram mulheres, aparentemente afectas aos mesmos grupos acabados de referir, como a(s) de que aquise fala...]
***[Para mim o significado de “assumir o verdadeiro sentido do amor e como a propria relacao sexual se integra dentro do amor e dentro da vida” pode ser encontrado, por exemplo, aqui]
****[Note-se como, curiosamente, em Ingles, uma crianca nascida fora do casamento e' designada "Love Child", i.e. "Filho/a do Amor"]
…OU OS 4 MOMENTOS DE UM BELO DISCURSO… OU DE COMO «ISTO ANDA TUDO LIGADO»
1. Antonio de Oliveira Salazar tera’ sido recentemente eleito «O Maior Portugues de Sempre». Supostamente Marcelo Caetano nao lhe teria ficado muito longe na votacao...
3. Eugenio Ferreira afirmou aqui, parafraseando acidentalmente(?) Salazar, «rapidamente e em forca», que «(…) a escravatura nao foi mais do que um processo geral da humanidade na sua transicao para o capitalismo»...
4. O Presidente Frances, Nicolas Sarkozy, esteve ha’ cerca de 2 meses no Senegal, onde proferiu na Universidade de Dakar este belissimo discurso (que continua ate’ hoje a fazer correr muita tinta), do qual extrai as seguintes perolas:
3. Eugenio Ferreira afirmou aqui, parafraseando acidentalmente(?) Salazar, «rapidamente e em forca», que «(…) a escravatura nao foi mais do que um processo geral da humanidade na sua transicao para o capitalismo»...
4. O Presidente Frances, Nicolas Sarkozy, esteve ha’ cerca de 2 meses no Senegal, onde proferiu na Universidade de Dakar este belissimo discurso (que continua ate’ hoje a fazer correr muita tinta), do qual extrai as seguintes perolas:
... Ele ha' gente que (tal como um certo jornal que a dada altura defendia esta posicao sobre a mencao da raca no BI e, mais recentemente, fez uma reviravolta de 360 graus sobre a questao...) vem defendendo a obra de Redinha como se da "palavra de Deus ou do Tchibinda Ilunga" se tratasse e usando-a a saciedade como escudo de proteccao e fonte de justificacao para uma defesa "racional" da sua "incontestavel e inalienavel pertenca", por supostos "merito e direito", ao grupo etno-linguistico Tchokwe', mas... que agora acha "sensata e inteligente" esta posicao de Fernando Pacheco?!?
(Porra!!!)
... Nao, ele ha' com cada um e com cada um@ que ate' parecem tres!!! Eu einh?!
... Ele ha' gente que (tal como um certo jornal que a dada altura defendia esta posicao sobre a mencao da raca no BI e, mais recentemente, fez uma reviravolta de 360 graus sobre a questao...) vem defendendo a obra de Redinha como se da "palavra de Deus ou do Tchibinda Ilunga" se tratasse e usando-a a saciedade como escudo de proteccao e fonte de justificacao para uma defesa "racional" da sua "incontestavel e inalienavel pertenca", por supostos "merito e direito", ao grupo etno-linguistico Tchokwe', mas... que agora acha "sensata e inteligente" esta posicao de Fernando Pacheco?!?
(Porra!!!)
... Nao, ele ha' com cada um e com cada um@ que ate' parecem tres!!! Eu einh?!
¡Histórico! Londres reconoció a la etnia ibero-americana/ luso-hispana
En Reino Unido hay varias etnias reconocidas pero una de las mayores (la de habla hispana y portuguesa) no figuraba en formulario alguno (pese a que se estima que entre uno y dos millones de personas en UK son de ancestros iberoamericanos). Tras una ardua y tenaz lucha, miles de firmas recolectadas, una marcha multitudinaria y asambleas masivas con varias autoridades, la alcaldÃa de la mayor urbe europea ha resuelto por primera vez en la historia reconocer a las comunidades latina, brasilera, portuguesa, española e ibero-africana. Todas ellas, pese a sus diferencias, guardan en común 5 siglos de similar historia, grupo lingüÃstico oficial y cultura. Juntas pueden llegar a ser la mayor minorÃa de la capital de las Olimpiadas. En una reunión en la alcaldÃa de Londres entre importantes funcionarios y dirigentes de las comunidades de habla hispana y portuguesa, los representantes del burgomaestre londinense informaron que habrá una casilla para que de ahora en adelante podamos identificarnos y dejar de ser “otros”.
En Reino Unido hay varias etnias reconocidas pero una de las mayores (la de habla hispana y portuguesa) no figuraba en formulario alguno (pese a que se estima que entre uno y dos millones de personas en UK son de ancestros iberoamericanos). Tras una ardua y tenaz lucha, miles de firmas recolectadas, una marcha multitudinaria y asambleas masivas con varias autoridades, la alcaldÃa de la mayor urbe europea ha resuelto por primera vez en la historia reconocer a las comunidades latina, brasilera, portuguesa, española e ibero-africana. Todas ellas, pese a sus diferencias, guardan en común 5 siglos de similar historia, grupo lingüÃstico oficial y cultura. Juntas pueden llegar a ser la mayor minorÃa de la capital de las Olimpiadas. En una reunión en la alcaldÃa de Londres entre importantes funcionarios y dirigentes de las comunidades de habla hispana y portuguesa, los representantes del burgomaestre londinense informaron que habrá una casilla para que de ahora en adelante podamos identificarnos y dejar de ser “otros”.
Transference of cultural practices by close contact allows whites to write "black", a move that, besides the ultimate (albeit one step removed) indigenisation of the Euro-Brazilian, enables another transfer: the disappearance of the black by way of simultaneous incorporation and erasure. Black autonomous authorship (a voice that Freyre perceives as emblematic of US segregationism) is thus disqualified through transfer, together with mixed race authorship, a voice Freyre accuses of being intrinsically incapable of genuinely representing either race: not the manor, not the subaltern periphery, yet alone a synthesis or Brazilian ineffable heterogeneity.
Isfahani-Hammond recognises this dynamic, and sees Freyre situating "himself as a seignorial figure who has equal domain in elite and marginal sites, displacing people of mixed European/African ancestry from the embodiment of hybridization and, therein, from the ability to narrate or speak about national identity" (p. 14). Freyre finally "transfers" the south of Brazil: a site of degenerative modernisation, European immigration and influence, and, ultimately, Americanization. It is an alien and unauthentic locale; a source of foreign and therefore distorting stimuli.
At the end of a succession of discursive transfers, the white master's claim is the last one standing. His proximity to black commodified bodies enables authentic linguistic and spiritual incorporation, something that is denied to everyone else. Only the specific conditions of the northeastern plantation and the intimate contact between masters and slaves could produce Brazil's exceptional "Racial Democracy": "[t]he social history of the plantation manor is the intimate history of almost every Brazilian", Freyre concludes (quoted, p. 134). Casa Grande e Senzala is therefore exactly what the title says it is: a hierarchically organised dyad constituted by seigneural manor plus the contribution that emanates from the slave quarters. Despite their contribution, indeed exactly because of their contribution, the autonomous agency of the slaves and their descendants is effaced, and the seigneural manor remains the unique site of "genuine" Brazilian culture. Once the sequence of transfers is completed, Freyre's "almost every Brazilian", ends up reading like "every Brazilian who happens to be a white male seigneur who grew up in a plantation in the northeast of the country". An exceptionally inclusive tradition is thus recast into an exceptionally selective one.
Freyre ultimately took a conservative turn and his assertion of "Lusotropicalism" and its singularity sustained Portugal's imperialism throughout the 1960s and 1970s. He travelled to the African colonies in 1951 and 1952 where he recognised a number of "little Brazils", which for him was a good thing. The colonial establishment of the Portuguese state took advantage of Freyre's rhetoric and explicit complicity (see p. 163, n. 1). However, as Isfahani-Hammond illustrates, this evolution is actually much less discontinuous than the available literature is willing to acknowledge. While Freyrean notions of "racial Democracy" have been used in various contexts and for different purposes, an underlying continuity should be emphasised: he coherently supported a seigneural subjectivity against all its enemies, while at the same time expropriating and disallowing the cultural voice of Brazilian blackness. He consistently reclaimed a right to do so.
Freyre's transferist strategy, however, is not unique. Settlers elsewhere also need to enact physical and discursive transfers against their indigenous and exogenous opponents in order to effectively claim local versions of "genuine" indigenising cultural authenticity. Freyre's "creolization/indigenization", Isfahani-Hammond concludes, "is nationalistic and anticolonial yet grounded in symbolically Africanized, white dominance" (p. 52). Settler indigenisations elsewhere are also nationalistic and anticolonial; settlers need to build independent nations and supersede their dependency on the motherland. Settler indigenisation, of course, is also grounded on an indigenised white dominance that effaces really existing indigenous peoples.
Transference of cultural practices by close contact allows whites to write "black", a move that, besides the ultimate (albeit one step removed) indigenisation of the Euro-Brazilian, enables another transfer: the disappearance of the black by way of simultaneous incorporation and erasure. Black autonomous authorship (a voice that Freyre perceives as emblematic of US segregationism) is thus disqualified through transfer, together with mixed race authorship, a voice Freyre accuses of being intrinsically incapable of genuinely representing either race: not the manor, not the subaltern periphery, yet alone a synthesis or Brazilian ineffable heterogeneity.
Isfahani-Hammond recognises this dynamic, and sees Freyre situating "himself as a seignorial figure who has equal domain in elite and marginal sites, displacing people of mixed European/African ancestry from the embodiment of hybridization and, therein, from the ability to narrate or speak about national identity" (p. 14). Freyre finally "transfers" the south of Brazil: a site of degenerative modernisation, European immigration and influence, and, ultimately, Americanization. It is an alien and unauthentic locale; a source of foreign and therefore distorting stimuli.
At the end of a succession of discursive transfers, the white master's claim is the last one standing. His proximity to black commodified bodies enables authentic linguistic and spiritual incorporation, something that is denied to everyone else. Only the specific conditions of the northeastern plantation and the intimate contact between masters and slaves could produce Brazil's exceptional "Racial Democracy": "[t]he social history of the plantation manor is the intimate history of almost every Brazilian", Freyre concludes (quoted, p. 134). Casa Grande e Senzala is therefore exactly what the title says it is: a hierarchically organised dyad constituted by seigneural manor plus the contribution that emanates from the slave quarters. Despite their contribution, indeed exactly because of their contribution, the autonomous agency of the slaves and their descendants is effaced, and the seigneural manor remains the unique site of "genuine" Brazilian culture. Once the sequence of transfers is completed, Freyre's "almost every Brazilian", ends up reading like "every Brazilian who happens to be a white male seigneur who grew up in a plantation in the northeast of the country". An exceptionally inclusive tradition is thus recast into an exceptionally selective one.
Freyre ultimately took a conservative turn and his assertion of "Lusotropicalism" and its singularity sustained Portugal's imperialism throughout the 1960s and 1970s. He travelled to the African colonies in 1951 and 1952 where he recognised a number of "little Brazils", which for him was a good thing. The colonial establishment of the Portuguese state took advantage of Freyre's rhetoric and explicit complicity (see p. 163, n. 1). However, as Isfahani-Hammond illustrates, this evolution is actually much less discontinuous than the available literature is willing to acknowledge. While Freyrean notions of "racial Democracy" have been used in various contexts and for different purposes, an underlying continuity should be emphasised: he coherently supported a seigneural subjectivity against all its enemies, while at the same time expropriating and disallowing the cultural voice of Brazilian blackness. He consistently reclaimed a right to do so.
Freyre's transferist strategy, however, is not unique. Settlers elsewhere also need to enact physical and discursive transfers against their indigenous and exogenous opponents in order to effectively claim local versions of "genuine" indigenising cultural authenticity. Freyre's "creolization/indigenization", Isfahani-Hammond concludes, "is nationalistic and anticolonial yet grounded in symbolically Africanized, white dominance" (p. 52). Settler indigenisations elsewhere are also nationalistic and anticolonial; settlers need to build independent nations and supersede their dependency on the motherland. Settler indigenisation, of course, is also grounded on an indigenised white dominance that effaces really existing indigenous peoples.
The enthralling style of music known as twoubadou dates back to the turn of the 20th century, when Haïtian migrant workers, returning from Cuban sugar plantations, brought this guitar-driven genre back with them. The Haïti Twoubadou project’s producers Fabrice Rouzier and Clement Belizaire put together a lineup that reads like an all-star list of the contemporary Haitian music scene. It features Michel Martelly, Les Freres Dodo, James Germain, Fabrice Rouzier, Michael Benjamin, Ralph Papillion, Hans Peters, Black Alex, Don Kato, Jackito, Beethova Obas and many others. These troubadours have also used the spotlight that the project has generated to help raise awareness for a variety of social problems in Haïti, including support for better education and the fight against AIDS.
Haïti Twoubadou has become such a success that the series has now extended to four volumes. This romantic sound that evokes Haïti’s windswept beaches is now being imitated in countless new twoubadou recordings, and has sparked a revival of acoustic music in the Haïtian diaspora.
[Ki Demon Sa-a - Haïti Twoubadou]
Emeline Michel was born in Gonaives, Haiti. She began singing gospel music in her local church. After studying music professionally at the Detroit Jazz Center; Michel returned to Haiti, where she released the first of her seven CDs, and was subsequently dubbed, “The Queen of Haitian Song.” Michel has made a name for herself through both her consciously aware songwriting and captivating performances. Her music combines traditional Haitian melodies with a plethora of sounds including compass, twoubadou, rara, jazz, rock, blues, bossa nova and samba.
“Moso Manman” is from Michel’s album Cordes et Ame (Strings and Soul). It is a self-produced collection of predominantly acoustic songs centered around the theme of perseverance (many are references to the political and social struggles that Haiti has been going through). Emeline Michel wrote “Moso Manman (Strong Mama)” as an ode to mothers. The lyrics say, “Dance with me mama, come dance with me mama, because even with diamonds, I can never repay you.”
[Moso Manman - Emeline Michel]
Alex Abellard launched the cutting-edge Haitian compass band Zin while he was attending City College of New York in the late 1980s. Zin is a Haitian creole word that can be interpreted both as “extraordinary” and “gossip”, two ideas that, as the group’s founder Alex Abellard puts it, “conjure up the image of the group, something that’s amazing, perhaps gossip, but something that you certainly want to hear.”
In the late 1980s, after the Haitian dictator Duvalier was overthrown, compass experienced a revival in Haiti and in expatriot communities like Miami and Brooklyn (now, the place with the second largest Haitian population in the world after Port au Prince). “When we came to New York,” explains Abellard, “we were listening to other music such as disco and hip-hop. We wanted to create a sound that was both from our own country [Haiti] while modernizing it at the same time.”
[Kanpe Sou Yon Bit - Zin]
In the late 1990s, Carlo Vieux, Richard Cave’, and Mickael Guirand decided to leave their native Haiti to pursue musical careers in the United States. All three men had strong backgrounds in Haitian compass, having played in the past with a number of popular groups. When they united in New York City, they moved to create a dynamic new form of Haitian compass, adding touches of zouk, reggae and hip-hop. Their name is a fusion of the band members’ names: Carlo, Richard, and Mickael.
“Ayiti (Bang Bang)” is the title track from their groundbreaking debut recording. The song became an immediate smash, and helped the group win “Album of the Year” at the 2001 Haitian Music Awards. Carimi uses the song as a strong indictment on the current socio-economic situation in Haiti, comparing it to the lawlessness portrayed in comic books (The reference to “Lucky Luke” in the song comes from a Belgian comic book character) and Hollywood’s images of the wild west: “My country has turned into a cowboy movie/ Bang Bang, Lucky Luke/ My country’s not a game/ Stop playing with it.”
[Ayiti (Bang Bang) - Carimi]
Tendo comecado com uma cancao em que se podem ouvir notas de outras ilhas musicais (Cabo Verde), termino com duas que, por sua vez, revelam a influencia do Haiti na linguagem musical de outras ilhas do Caribe/Antilhas, nomeadamente a Martinica e Guadeloupe (neste caso com os Kassav - que, interessantemente, em mwangole' se traduz para, mais do que apenas mandioca, funje - e um certo Rete', ja' tocado neste blog ha' uns tempos, que tambem diz algo sobre o (re)contagio destes estilos musicais com alguma da musica feita por Angolanos, como pode ser constatado aqui). Veja-se tambem, a este proposito, embora neste caso nao se possa falar propriamente de um directo "(re)contagio", o Kanpe Sou Yon Bit dos Zin, acima, em relacao a alguma da musica de um certo Afroman...
[Man Biswenw - Jean-Luc Alger]
Jean-Luc Alger hails from Martinique and had a long and illustrious career on the Caribbean music scene. He joined his first band in 1970, Les Sympas, with which he performed Haitian style compas. After a brief stint in the military, where he was part of the army band, he embarked on a successful career as bandleader and singer for the group Lazair. One highlight of this period was his work with famed singer Edith Lefel, with whom he recorded the hit song “Ice Manman” in 1984. Since the early 1990s, Alger has been working with the band Klima, and has specialized in hard-driving zouk performed with a real horn section and rhythms that keep a close connection to the roots and folklore of the French Caribbean. Recently, Alger has been working closely with producer Ronald Rubinel, one of the most respected and inventive composers and producers in modern French Caribbean music.
[Rete' - Kassav]
The world’s leading zouk band, Kassav, began with the inspiration of three men from Guadeloupe: brothers Pierre-Edouard and Georges Decimus and Jacob Desvarieux. They used the latest studio technology from Paris and created a new sound by fusing salsa, compass, reggae and other Caribbean styles with the folk rhythms of Martinique and Guadeloupe. “Before we got started”, explains Desvarieux, “the scene here in the French Antilles was dominated by Haitian compass. We wanted to create something new.”
Their name comes from the popular Caribbean dish, cassava (a mix of manioc paste and coconut). The band took shape with some of the leading musicians and vocalists from Guadeloupe and Martinique such as Jocelyn Beroard, Ralph Thamar and Jean-Phillipe Marthely. They quickly became one of the most successful bands both in France and the Caribbean, recording over a dozen hit albums, and inventing a genre.
By the mid-1980s, the group was selling out stadiums around the world with tours that spanned six continents. Kassav’s live version of the Jean-Philippe Marthely composition “Rete” is from their legendary 1986 concert at the Zenith in Paris.
*{In response to the devastating earthquake in Haiti, Putumayo Recordsis re-releasing their French Caribbean CD (first released in 2003 and on which this post is based) and donating 100% of the proceeds from the sale of each CD to The Red Cross, throughout 2010. Five of the (10) songs on the collection are by Haitian musicians.}
The enthralling style of music known as twoubadou dates back to the turn of the 20th century, when Haïtian migrant workers, returning from Cuban sugar plantations, brought this guitar-driven genre back with them. The Haïti Twoubadou project’s producers Fabrice Rouzier and Clement Belizaire put together a lineup that reads like an all-star list of the contemporary Haitian music scene. It features Michel Martelly, Les Freres Dodo, James Germain, Fabrice Rouzier, Michael Benjamin, Ralph Papillion, Hans Peters, Black Alex, Don Kato, Jackito, Beethova Obas and many others. These troubadours have also used the spotlight that the project has generated to help raise awareness for a variety of social problems in Haïti, including support for better education and the fight against AIDS.
Haïti Twoubadou has become such a success that the series has now extended to four volumes. This romantic sound that evokes Haïti’s windswept beaches is now being imitated in countless new twoubadou recordings, and has sparked a revival of acoustic music in the Haïtian diaspora.
[Ki Demon Sa-a - Haïti Twoubadou]
Emeline Michel was born in Gonaives, Haiti. She began singing gospel music in her local church. After studying music professionally at the Detroit Jazz Center; Michel returned to Haiti, where she released the first of her seven CDs, and was subsequently dubbed, “The Queen of Haitian Song.” Michel has made a name for herself through both her consciously aware songwriting and captivating performances. Her music combines traditional Haitian melodies with a plethora of sounds including compass, twoubadou, rara, jazz, rock, blues, bossa nova and samba.
“Moso Manman” is from Michel’s album Cordes et Ame (Strings and Soul). It is a self-produced collection of predominantly acoustic songs centered around the theme of perseverance (many are references to the political and social struggles that Haiti has been going through). Emeline Michel wrote “Moso Manman (Strong Mama)” as an ode to mothers. The lyrics say, “Dance with me mama, come dance with me mama, because even with diamonds, I can never repay you.”
[Moso Manman - Emeline Michel]
Alex Abellard launched the cutting-edge Haitian compass band Zin while he was attending City College of New York in the late 1980s. Zin is a Haitian creole word that can be interpreted both as “extraordinary” and “gossip”, two ideas that, as the group’s founder Alex Abellard puts it, “conjure up the image of the group, something that’s amazing, perhaps gossip, but something that you certainly want to hear.”
In the late 1980s, after the Haitian dictator Duvalier was overthrown, compass experienced a revival in Haiti and in expatriot communities like Miami and Brooklyn (now, the place with the second largest Haitian population in the world after Port au Prince). “When we came to New York,” explains Abellard, “we were listening to other music such as disco and hip-hop. We wanted to create a sound that was both from our own country [Haiti] while modernizing it at the same time.”
[Kanpe Sou Yon Bit - Zin]
In the late 1990s, Carlo Vieux, Richard Cave’, and Mickael Guirand decided to leave their native Haiti to pursue musical careers in the United States. All three men had strong backgrounds in Haitian compass, having played in the past with a number of popular groups. When they united in New York City, they moved to create a dynamic new form of Haitian compass, adding touches of zouk, reggae and hip-hop. Their name is a fusion of the band members’ names: Carlo, Richard, and Mickael.
“Ayiti (Bang Bang)” is the title track from their groundbreaking debut recording. The song became an immediate smash, and helped the group win “Album of the Year” at the 2001 Haitian Music Awards. Carimi uses the song as a strong indictment on the current socio-economic situation in Haiti, comparing it to the lawlessness portrayed in comic books (The reference to “Lucky Luke” in the song comes from a Belgian comic book character) and Hollywood’s images of the wild west: “My country has turned into a cowboy movie/ Bang Bang, Lucky Luke/ My country’s not a game/ Stop playing with it.”
[Ayiti (Bang Bang) - Carimi]
Tendo comecado com uma cancao em que se podem ouvir notas de outras ilhas musicais (Cabo Verde), termino com duas que, por sua vez, revelam a influencia do Haiti na linguagem musical de outras ilhas do Caribe/Antilhas, nomeadamente a Martinica e Guadeloupe (neste caso com os Kassav - que, interessantemente, em mwangole' se traduz para, mais do que apenas mandioca, funje - e um certo Rete', ja' tocado neste blog ha' uns tempos, que tambem diz algo sobre o (re)contagio destes estilos musicais com alguma da musica feita por Angolanos, como pode ser constatado aqui). Veja-se tambem, a este proposito, embora neste caso nao se possa falar propriamente de um directo "(re)contagio", o Kanpe Sou Yon Bit dos Zin, acima, em relacao a alguma da musica de um certo Afroman...
[Man Biswenw - Jean-Luc Alger]
Jean-Luc Alger hails from Martinique and had a long and illustrious career on the Caribbean music scene. He joined his first band in 1970, Les Sympas, with which he performed Haitian style compas. After a brief stint in the military, where he was part of the army band, he embarked on a successful career as bandleader and singer for the group Lazair. One highlight of this period was his work with famed singer Edith Lefel, with whom he recorded the hit song “Ice Manman” in 1984. Since the early 1990s, Alger has been working with the band Klima, and has specialized in hard-driving zouk performed with a real horn section and rhythms that keep a close connection to the roots and folklore of the French Caribbean. Recently, Alger has been working closely with producer Ronald Rubinel, one of the most respected and inventive composers and producers in modern French Caribbean music.
[Rete' - Kassav]
The world’s leading zouk band, Kassav, began with the inspiration of three men from Guadeloupe: brothers Pierre-Edouard and Georges Decimus and Jacob Desvarieux. They used the latest studio technology from Paris and created a new sound by fusing salsa, compass, reggae and other Caribbean styles with the folk rhythms of Martinique and Guadeloupe. “Before we got started”, explains Desvarieux, “the scene here in the French Antilles was dominated by Haitian compass. We wanted to create something new.”
Their name comes from the popular Caribbean dish, cassava (a mix of manioc paste and coconut). The band took shape with some of the leading musicians and vocalists from Guadeloupe and Martinique such as Jocelyn Beroard, Ralph Thamar and Jean-Phillipe Marthely. They quickly became one of the most successful bands both in France and the Caribbean, recording over a dozen hit albums, and inventing a genre.
By the mid-1980s, the group was selling out stadiums around the world with tours that spanned six continents. Kassav’s live version of the Jean-Philippe Marthely composition “Rete” is from their legendary 1986 concert at the Zenith in Paris.
*{In response to the devastating earthquake in Haiti, Putumayo Recordsis re-releasing their French Caribbean CD (first released in 2003 and on which this post is based) and donating 100% of the proceeds from the sale of each CD to The Red Cross, throughout 2010. Five of the (10) songs on the collection are by Haitian musicians.}
Foi o dia em que alguem, algures entre a Maianga e a Cidade Alta, resolveu que a literatura angolana precisava de algo assim como uma “biblioteca asseptica”: “ja’ era preciso um trabalho assim, uma especie de condensado para que as novas geracoes entendam como a personalidade dos povos de Angola se foi afirmando atraves da literatura…” – tera’ (alegadamente) sentenciado o mais elevado dos espiritas.
Mas, infelizmente, invocados os espiritos (maiores e menores; mais ou menos elevados), a razao nao voltou a sala: engalfinharam-se todos, ao longo de alinhamentos racicos, numa guerra aberta, numa rixa de bar de beco onde so’ faltou puxar canivetes e, no melhor dos casos, em trocas de azedos galhardetes com lugar de destaque nas parangonas…
Ate’ que, aparentemente, acabaram por se decidir mansamente por um fugaz pacto de regime, ou de elites, pois so’ assim ficariam todos copiosamente servidos dos espolios da guerra, em plena comunhao: onde e’ promovido, contemplado, nomeado, agraciado, galardoado, premiado, ou tambem achincalhado, alguem de um lado do bilo, alguem do outro lado tambem tem de o ser… e.g., se num ano e' premiada uma cantora lirica negra, no ano seguinte tem de ser uma "ex-balarina classica" branca; se no espaco de uma semana morrem dois 'epigonos', um de cada lado da barricada e nos antipodas um do outro em termos de mundovisao, ha' que conceder-lhes ex-aequo et bono uma "indelevel heranca intelectual"... e por ai fora.
Assim, nesse ambiente de paz podre, como ovo de cobra se pariu a hipocrita neofita “ideologia dos (pretensos) afectos”, cuja vitima mais notoria tem sido a possibilidade (supostamente conquistada no pos-guerra com os novos tempos de construcao democratica) de qualquer debate intelectual minimamente objectivo, racional e construtivo sobre as questoes de fundo subjacentes a tal disputa - espante-se, pois, a multidao, de que a Historia de Angola, e da Africa em geral, seja pouco mais do que uma eterna sucessao de aparentemente "inexplicaveis", ou "exclusivamente incitadas pelo ocidente", guerras fratricidas...
Acontece, porem, que ha’ pelo meio desse campo de batalha umas estranhas (estrangeiras?) criaturas que nunca nele voluntariamente se meteram, nem nunca se propuseram envolver-se em nenhuma guerra com qualquer dos lados da contenda, mesmo porque para tal nunca foram invocadas ou convocadas e, acima de tudo, nao teem nem nunca tiveram qualquer apetencia pelos espolios em questao.
… OU DE COMO OS SONHOS ANDAM EM PARAFUSO (PARA USO DESUSO E ABUSO) …
Mas… como diz a multidao de cobra ao pescoco e presa ao chao: “sai debaixo, porque onde bilam os elefantes, o capim e’ que paga”, ou seja, as tais estranhas criaturas [“pobres e insignificantes”, segundo uma certa ‘onca chorona’ contra quem, em tempos nao assim tao longinquos mas que agora a todos convem varrer para debaixo do tapete, um dos lados chegou a emitir um abaixo-assinado acusando-a de “sistematicas praticas social e racialmente discriminatorias” (o que a levou, num passe de magica, do dia para a noite, a trocar as sapatilhas de ballet classico pela mascara MwanaPwo para assim se afirmar "mais negra e mais angolana” - no que, diga-se de passagem, a sua famosa, exotica e prestimosa bunDONA muito a tem ajudado - do que os seus criticos todos juntos e, mais ainda, do que a propria Angolanidade… ao ponto de agora ate' se permitir deliberar e ordenar sobre quem "merece" ou nao ser Angolano - o que, de resto, ultimamente vem "fazendo genero" entre certas criaturas de nacionalidade e/ou identidade duvidosa... -, e, agora que se diz "mae da danca contemporanea em Africa (...!)", se calhar ate' da propria Africanidade!), numa certa academia de musica e danca classica – onde, incidentalmente, ha’ vinte e tal anos, numa das unicas tres ocasioes em que me lembro de a ter visto na vida (ja' agora, as duas outras foram, respectivamente, em Luanda, nas imediacoes do Liceu Feminino, quando pela primeira vez lhe reparei no traseiro e, em Lisboa, durante um evento da embaixada de Angola com a presenca de JES, em que ela, como dedicada cortesã e servidora do poder, apresentava uma danca especialmente dedicada a S.Excia.), nao pude deixar de reparar nela num dia em que, como por vezes fazia depois da minha aula de piano com o meu professor kaTchokwe que tinha sido treinado por uma mestra Sovietica, quando geralmente ja’ nao se encontrava mais ninguem no edificio, me entregava ao livre exercicio de “jazzin' up” os acordes classicos que com ele tinha praticado, ela apareceu a porta da sala onde o fazia, acompanhada por um ou dois dos seus ‘leoes’, com o ar inquisitorial-nazi de quem pergunta e diz “qu'essa merda?! porra!!!”, mas, perante o meu olhar sereno, acabou por se retirar com os seus acompanhantes sem uma palavra…]!
Requin (2004) - Cyprien Toukoudagba, Benin
Resulta que a dita “ideologia dos (pretensos) afectos” apenas tem conseguido criar, alimentar e reproduzir “ogros”, ou seja, monstros, vultos e glitterati esquizofrenicos, coadjuvados, quais sombras omnipresentes, omnipotentes e omniscientes, por seus ghost writers, "assistentes de criacao" e "conselheiros tecnicos indigenas" mais suas infaliveis coortes de sycophantas, sedentos de poder absoluto e dominacao exclusiva das parangonas e determinados a destroçar a catanada todos os sonhos que desconseguem usar, abusar e desusar…
E a razao... essa, enquanto o ambiente na sala continua de cortar a catanada, permanece angustiosamente inatingivel num qualquer labirinto entre a lua e a estrela, enquanto a ‘onca chorona’, transmudada na sua outra pele de cobra (Rsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrs), continua, com toda a destreza e leveza que lhe sao conhecidas, dominando as parangonas e debicando dos pratos patrocinadoresdo p(h)oder do estado onde tudo lhe e’ servido de bandeja, com ou sem desfalque: o reino e a vontade!
Mas… como tambem dizem os coitados de chupa no pe’: “o p(h)oder corrompe e o p(h)oder absoluto corrompe absolutamente”, mas… ta’ tudo bem!
[… mas a musica ja’ nos desce mais 'as maos…]
Ilustracoes (excepto a ultima): Gaïa – Art Moderne et Contemporain d’Afrique (2007)
Foi o dia em que alguem, algures entre a Maianga e a Cidade Alta, resolveu que a literatura angolana precisava de algo assim como uma “biblioteca asseptica”: “ja’ era preciso um trabalho assim, uma especie de condensado para que as novas geracoes entendam como a personalidade dos povos de Angola se foi afirmando atraves da literatura…” – tera’ (alegadamente) sentenciado o mais elevado dos espiritas.
Mas, infelizmente, invocados os espiritos (maiores e menores; mais ou menos elevados), a razao nao voltou a sala: engalfinharam-se todos, ao longo de alinhamentos racicos, numa guerra aberta, numa rixa de bar de beco onde so’ faltou puxar canivetes e, no melhor dos casos, em trocas de azedos galhardetes com lugar de destaque nas parangonas…
Ate’ que, aparentemente, acabaram por se decidir mansamente por um fugaz pacto de regime, ou de elites, pois so’ assim ficariam todos copiosamente servidos dos espolios da guerra, em plena comunhao: onde e’ promovido, contemplado, nomeado, agraciado, galardoado, premiado, ou tambem achincalhado, alguem de um lado do bilo, alguem do outro lado tambem tem de o ser… e.g., se num ano e' premiada uma cantora lirica negra, no ano seguinte tem de ser uma "ex-balarina classica" branca; se no espaco de uma semana morrem dois 'epigonos', um de cada lado da barricada e nos antipodas um do outro em termos de mundovisao, ha' que conceder-lhes ex-aequo et bono uma "indelevel heranca intelectual"... e por ai fora.
Assim, nesse ambiente de paz podre, como ovo de cobra se pariu a hipocrita neofita “ideologia dos (pretensos) afectos”, cuja vitima mais notoria tem sido a possibilidade (supostamente conquistada no pos-guerra com os novos tempos de construcao democratica) de qualquer debate intelectual minimamente objectivo, racional e construtivo sobre as questoes de fundo subjacentes a tal disputa - espante-se, pois, a multidao, de que a Historia de Angola, e da Africa em geral, seja pouco mais do que uma eterna sucessao de aparentemente "inexplicaveis", ou "exclusivamente incitadas pelo ocidente", guerras fratricidas...
Acontece, porem, que ha’ pelo meio desse campo de batalha umas estranhas (estrangeiras?) criaturas que nunca nele voluntariamente se meteram, nem nunca se propuseram envolver-se em nenhuma guerra com qualquer dos lados da contenda, mesmo porque para tal nunca foram invocadas ou convocadas e, acima de tudo, nao teem nem nunca tiveram qualquer apetencia pelos espolios em questao.
… OU DE COMO OS SONHOS ANDAM EM PARAFUSO (PARA USO DESUSO E ABUSO) …
Mas… como diz a multidao de cobra ao pescoco e presa ao chao: “sai debaixo, porque onde bilam os elefantes, o capim e’ que paga”, ou seja, as tais estranhas criaturas [“pobres e insignificantes”, segundo uma certa ‘onca chorona’ contra quem, em tempos nao assim tao longinquos mas que agora a todos convem varrer para debaixo do tapete, um dos lados chegou a emitir um abaixo-assinado acusando-a de “sistematicas praticas social e racialmente discriminatorias” (o que a levou, num passe de magica, do dia para a noite, a trocar as sapatilhas de ballet classico pela mascara MwanaPwo para assim se afirmar "mais negra e mais angolana” - no que, diga-se de passagem, a sua famosa, exotica e prestimosa bunDONA muito a tem ajudado - do que os seus criticos todos juntos e, mais ainda, do que a propria Angolanidade… ao ponto de agora ate' se permitir deliberar e ordenar sobre quem "merece" ou nao ser Angolano - o que, de resto, ultimamente vem "fazendo genero" entre certas criaturas de nacionalidade e/ou identidade duvidosa... -, e, agora que se diz "mae da danca contemporanea em Africa (...!)", se calhar ate' da propria Africanidade!), numa certa academia de musica e danca classica – onde, incidentalmente, ha’ vinte e tal anos, numa das unicas tres ocasioes em que me lembro de a ter visto na vida (ja' agora, as duas outras foram, respectivamente, em Luanda, nas imediacoes do Liceu Feminino, quando pela primeira vez lhe reparei no traseiro e, em Lisboa, durante um evento da embaixada de Angola com a presenca de JES, em que ela, como dedicada cortesã e servidora do poder, apresentava uma danca especialmente dedicada a S.Excia.), nao pude deixar de reparar nela num dia em que, como por vezes fazia depois da minha aula de piano com o meu professor kaTchokwe que tinha sido treinado por uma mestra Sovietica, quando geralmente ja’ nao se encontrava mais ninguem no edificio, me entregava ao livre exercicio de “jazzin' up” os acordes classicos que com ele tinha praticado, ela apareceu a porta da sala onde o fazia, acompanhada por um ou dois dos seus ‘leoes’, com o ar inquisitorial-nazi de quem pergunta e diz “qu'essa merda?! porra!!!”, mas, perante o meu olhar sereno, acabou por se retirar com os seus acompanhantes sem uma palavra…]!
Requin (2004) - Cyprien Toukoudagba, Benin
Resulta que a dita “ideologia dos (pretensos) afectos” apenas tem conseguido criar, alimentar e reproduzir “ogros”, ou seja, monstros, vultos e glitterati esquizofrenicos, coadjuvados, quais sombras omnipresentes, omnipotentes e omniscientes, por seus ghost writers, "assistentes de criacao" e "conselheiros tecnicos indigenas" mais suas infaliveis coortes de sycophantas, sedentos de poder absoluto e dominacao exclusiva das parangonas e determinados a destroçar a catanada todos os sonhos que desconseguem usar, abusar e desusar…
E a razao... essa, enquanto o ambiente na sala continua de cortar a catanada, permanece angustiosamente inatingivel num qualquer labirinto entre a lua e a estrela, enquanto a ‘onca chorona’, transmudada na sua outra pele de cobra (Rsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrs), continua, com toda a destreza e leveza que lhe sao conhecidas, dominando as parangonas e debicando dos pratos patrocinadoresdo p(h)oder do estado onde tudo lhe e’ servido de bandeja, com ou sem desfalque: o reino e a vontade!
Mas… como tambem dizem os coitados de chupa no pe’: “o p(h)oder corrompe e o p(h)oder absoluto corrompe absolutamente”, mas… ta’ tudo bem!
[… mas a musica ja’ nos desce mais 'as maos…]
Ilustracoes (excepto a ultima): Gaïa – Art Moderne et Contemporain d’Afrique (2007)